基于混凝土损伤塑性模型的软基上船闸闸室设计

利用有限元计算软件ABAQUS,考虑混凝土的塑性变化,以某软基上的船闸闸室为基本计算结构,分析了不同工况下弹性模型和弹塑性模型的应力应变分布规律。通过对比可以发现,弹塑性模型得出的结果更符合实际受力情况,可为设计人员配筋设计提供参考。     

地铁深基坑的变形分析与控制技术

本文通过现场探索和理论研究,根据不同的场区地质条件、环境要求和施工条件等,提出一种基坑土体变形控制方法,力求达到最优的既经济又安全的效果,可为类似工程作为参考。     

卷管铺设过程的时域动力分析

卷管法是海底管道铺设中的一种重要方法,由于其铺设过程涉及很多装备,因而管道的受力过程复杂。管道的上卷过程会使管道发生塑性变形并引起残余曲率,上卷过程造成的变形需要在退卷过程中进行校直,这个过程中的缠绕和校直引起的塑性变形,对管线造成的损伤不可忽视。首先介绍卷管式铺管法的铺设原理,然后利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS模拟管道上卷和退卷的动态过程,最后研究卷管铺设上卷和退卷过程中管道的轴向应变历史和应力应变关系以及管道弯曲曲率、截面椭圆率变化历史。结果表明,管道在经过卷筒、校准器、校直器时产生很大的弯曲曲率和截面椭圆率。     

船舶艉轴机械密封环温度场与变形的理论研究

在船舶艉轴的机械密封中,不同材料的配合将产生不同数值的磨损和变形量。基于ANSYS有限元软件,建立橡胶-硬质合金密封的二维热-力耦合模型,分析力与温度场、力与变形之间关系。结果表明,静环橡胶的温度最高点和磨损严重区域发生在二维耦合模型中接触端面的上端面;动环和静环由最初的全端面接触变为部分接触,间隙呈锥度形状;在二维耦合模型中,随着端面比压的增大,下端面变形量增加的梯度明显大于上端面变形量增加的梯度。     

瞬变电磁法对隧道含水不良地质体的探测规律

瞬变电磁法是一种对水体较为敏感的预报方法,为探索瞬变电磁法对探测隧道含水不良地质体的探测规律,通过现场大量瞬变电磁法探测实例,总结其对涌水通道、含水溶洞、含水裂隙的反应规律,以及后方低阻体对探测的干扰影响.结果表明,当探测前方存在含水通道时,视电阻率等值线会在其含水通道所在区域明显降低,且呈条带状分布,条带宽度与管道分...     

Crash prediction model for two-lane rural highways in the Ashanti region of Ghana

Crash Prediction Models (CPMs) have been used elsewhere as a useful tool by road Engineers and Planners. There is however no study on the prediction of road traffic crashes on rural highways in Ghana. The main objective of the study was to develop a prediction model for road traffic crashes occurring on the rural sections of the highways in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The model was developed for all injury crashes occurring on selected rural highways in the Region over the three (3) year period 2005–2007. Data was collected from 76 rural highway sections and each section varied between 0.8 km and 6.7 km. Data collected for each section comprised injury crash data, traffic flow and speed data, and roadway characteristics and road geometry data. The Generalised Linear Model (GLM) with Negative Binomial (NB) error structure was used to estimate the model parameters. Two types of models, the ‘core’ model which included key exposure variables only and the ‘full’ model which included a wider range of variables were developed. The results show that traffic flow, highway segment length, junction density, terrain type and presence of a village settlement within road segments were found to be statistically significant explanatory variables (p < 0.05) for crash involvement. Adding one junction to a 1 km section of road segment was found to increase injury crashes by 32.0% and sections which had a village settlement within them were found to increase injury crashes by 60.3% compared with segments with no settlements. The model explained 61.2% of the systematic variation in the data. Road and Traffic Engineers and Planners can apply the crash prediction model as a tool in safety improvement works and in the design of safer roads. It is recommended that to improve safety, highways should be designed to by-pass village settlements and that the number of junctions on a highway should be limited to carefully designed ones.     

基于预防性养护的沥青混凝土路面使用性能预测模型研究

为了使路厩预防性养护措施选择与养护时机的确定更加合理.以沥青混凝土路面结构行为方程为基础建立了预防性养护前性能预测模型,并通过引入原路面有效厚度系数与养护措施特征系数建立了预防性养护后性能预测模型;进而简述了基于该模型的效益-费用分析法,应用该方法可以方便准确地确定最佳养护时机和养护措施.该文提出的基于预防性养护的沥青...     

行波激励下穿越断层隧道的地震响应分析

从土—结构相互作用模型出发,运用数值分析方法对行波作用下跨不同断层宽度的隧道结构进行了三维弹塑性分析,以研究其地震动力响应特性.从计算结果可得,在断层影响范围内隧道的水平位移、竖向位移和最大主应力均出现明显增大的现象;随着断层宽度的增加,其水平位移和竖向位移均变大,其两侧影响范围也变大,而其最大主应力变化不明显.     

热失重法在快速甄选汽油清净剂中的应用

阐述了依据清净剂及加剂汽油的热稳定性预测发动机沉积物控制的可行性.用热失重法(TGA)从8款清净剂中挑选两款特定热稳定性的清净剂,分别按规定浓度添加在汽油中对两台试验车进行1 200 km道路试验.结果表明,这两款清净剂控制CCD,IVD及PFID的实际效能与TGA预测效能基本吻合,因此认为TGA法能有效取代清净剂台架...     

基于优化灰色神经网络模型的内燃机气缸套磨损量预测的研究

气缸套磨损量是衡量汽车发动机寿命的重要因素。针对传统灰色预测模型的缺陷,采用均值修正策略,对样本数据进行预处理,实现灰色预测模型的优化;将灰色预测模型与BP网络相结合,建立了优化灰色神经网络预测模型;实例分析结果表明,优化模型能更精确地预测发动机气缸套的磨损量,为发动机的寿命预测与维修提供了更有效的方法。